Here, the excavations were made, in the year under report, at each side of the city defensive wall in order to connect with 1895 and 1897 excavations, and were aimed to uncover the big flanking semicircular tower down to its footing. They were started from the road going from Sevastopol to the monastery (see letters П - П on the plan), near the fence of stockyard (М), went round the wall on the north-western side and continued at the eas[tern] side of the main defensive wall, higher than captain Belozorov's house. They were made, for now, to the wall base of the Byzantine period, at one level with the socle of annex а, footing of marble base в and tier Ж that strengthened the tower. Making the trench deeper to bedrock is delayed to the next year.

Fig. 1 - Plan of excavations at the flanking tower.

As this extreme point of the ancient city looking at the lowermost part of surrounding area was of the most outstanding value for the purpose of Chersonesos defense in each period of its existence, the description of the excavations made in that area has been compiled with as much details as possible and is explained both with detailed plan (fig. 1) and photographs of the most typical points of the investigated spot, which captain V. I. Zavarov kindly offered to the Archaeological Commission.

Fig. 2 - Egress A viewed from the ancient city.

Letter А on the plan refers to the approach to the city from the side of the steppe, in between of two walls: Б (it is preserved to a low height, being 2.50 m w[ide] and constructed of big ashlars with lime) and З (there are its remainders, up to 5 m h[igh] and 5 m thick, constructed of fine rubble with lime and faced with dressed slabs at each side). This passageway was made more narrow, to 3.20 m, in the Byzantine period, by annex а (2.85 m h[igh]) that adjoined the wall В but was not bound with it, which, as A. L. Berthier Delagarde put it, was a distinctive feature of all annexes of the period mentioned above. Being decorated with stone cornices, this annex gave the narrowed passage A the appearance of a gate (fig. 2).

This passageway was blocked with huge stones in its most narrow part, and further, from wall Б to the corner of wall В, stone slabs, which had fallen from facing of defensive wall З, were put in one coarse; crosses were scratched on slabs of the inner side of annex а; the base was paved from the beginning of the passage to the corner of wall В, and walkway б was placed along wall Б, at its inner side.

The gate was adorned with two columns on the side of the city, according to marble base в (0.53 x 0.53 at low) that remained on its original stone foundation. At the very wall of annex а, at its inner side, rectangular tomb was discovered (1.95 m l[ong], 0.89 m w[ide] and 1.07 m d[eep]), which was carefully plastered and covered with three stone slabs. Inside, there were 3 skeletons, but with 2 skulls only at them, and at the foot, at the eas[tern] side, stone cross (0.16 m x 0.1 m x 0.05 m) with circular hole (0.019 m in diameter and 0.038 m deep) from below used for installation was found.

Letter Б refers to the wall (2.50 m w[ide]), which is preserved to a low height. It is constructed of huge, sometimes enormous, undressed stones mixed with rubbles, with lime mortar, and is preserved up to 1.07 m high from the base of Byzantine period. The same low wall is discovered in investigation of the main defensive wall at its full distance, except the southern area where the latter goes atop of a high ridge and for that reason does not have auxiliary wall in front of it.

Letter В refers to a wall (2.85 m w[ide]), constructed of rubble stone with lime and faced, on each side, with slabs, small on the inner side and big on the outer side. The wall approaches big flanking tower Е at 4.25 m and goes in the same direction with the latter, first to S[outh]-E[ast] and then to E[ast] up to Karantinnaya (Russian for 'Quarantine') bay [1]. Passing the distance of 1.78 m from marble base в to N[orth], it breaks off at right angle, so its role in relation to the main defensive wall З is plaid now by the above-described wall Б, which goes in the same direction with the latter to N[orth], continuously to the breach, which is used for communication with wharf and warehouse of antiquities [2].

Letter Г refers to wicket in the main defensive wall З (1.42 m w[ide]), faced with big slabs, of which 3 on every side remained in situ. Obviously, it was covered with slabs and did not have vaulting, because no stone remained of the latter in contrast to 248 slabs fallen from facing of walls and the tower and uncovered in course of excavations in the given area of the ancient city. As this wicket was located at the very tower and was used, perhaps, by the garrison, the question where the gate for the southern area of the city was located remains open.

At the nor[th]-east[earn] corner of the wicket, there was breach in the wall З, of irregular form, with narrow exit to the ancient city and short wall in front (1.78 m long and 1.42 m w[ide]), which was constructed of facing slabs of the defensive wall and fine rubbles with clay mortar in the Byzantine period and was preserved to a low height. Stone doorstep (1.38 m long, 0.44 m w[ide] and 0.44 m h[igh]) with cuts, angular for heel (0.15 m x 0.13 m and 0.22 m d[eep]) and elongated for rabbet (0.1 m d[eep]), was uncovered at the wes[tern] side of the wicket.

Fig. 3 - Tower Д and part of walls З, И, К, and Л.

Let[ter] З refers to the main defensive wall which reaches [the height of] 5 m near the wicket and is constructed of rubbles with lime and facing of dressed slabs, though the slabs of the outer side are of bigger size and laid more accurately. Here, similarly to the others, investigated before sites of the southern, southwestern, and western defensive walls, slabbed facing survived below on each side due to earthen mound that protected it and composed high sloping plains in front of the wall. Maximum height of preserved wall, near the tower, is 5 m. On the southern side, the wall З finishes, at right angle, at the middle of the circumference of tower Д; its transverse side that abuts the latter is faced carefully with slabs, fine work and way of laying masonry in which is totally the same as the facing of the tower, so no doubt remains that these structures are simultaneous (fig. 3).

Let[ter] Д refers to the tower (8.5 m in diameter), only ¼ of which, on the southeastern side, is investigated at inconsiderable depth; it is carefully trimmed with rustications similarly to the cut of defensive wall З that abuts it. The beauty of its masonry sharply differs from masonries of walls discovered in earlier excavations. Facing slabs are bound with iron pirons и - и and laid as regular, alternating rings, wide and narrow, producing multitude of fissures due to disproportionate height of the tower, which forced the builders to encircle the tower with ring Е, and to block the free space in between of them firmly with ground and stone. The question is whether the above is correct and when the both towers were constructed, simultaneously or in different periods; it can be answered only in further excavations to be conducted down to the bedrock base and to be started from below, from the shore of Karantinnaya bay. On top of the tower, thick wall з is preserved in greatly damaged form; it was constructed of rubble with lime and made, with wall З, a narrow passage 0.71 m wide. A thin wall of residential house constructed of rubble stone mortared with clay is preserved atop the ground mound, on its nor[thern] side. Many fragments of roof tiles of Byzantine period and sea grass probably used as bedding for roof are found there. Worked stone (1.11 m l[ong], 0.4 m w[ide] and 0.31 m h[igh]), which was flat from below, rounded from above and had a curve, of typical nummulitic limestone, laid in the same area. It seems to be one of stones used for top covering of parapet.

Letter Е refers to outer ring (or tower), 3.55 m w[ide], that surrounds tower Д; it is constructed of rubble with lime, faced with slabs, and separated from the tower by free space 2.15 m w[ide] which is densely blocked with ground and stone. On the southern side, in between of tower Д and ring Е, revetment ж was constructed just on the ground mound being 1.42 m w[ide] and 2.13 m h[igh], of rubble with lime. Ring Е has outer diameter of 19 m and height of 6.4 m.

Let[ter] Ж refers to the ring that collapsed to a considerable extent (it was 2.15 m w[ide]). It was constructed of rubble with lime, without slabbed facing and was used to strengthen tower Е, which at that time probably had important damages; [it] adjoined without binding, similarly to annex a at the gate, the facing of the tower directly and was, undoubtedly, constructed in the Byzantine period, which is proved by a stone with in-carved four-pointed cross of the simplest form (0.13 m h[igh], 0.09 m w[ide], and 0.022 m d[eep]) that was laid into the wall masonry. Evidently, the strengthening of the tower with ring Ж, blocking of the empty space with ground and stone, and construction of the revetment ж and annex а at the gate date to the Byzantine period, but in this case ring Е and tower Д with its excellent trimming of rustications represent two more different periods, more earlier; it is quite possible that the earliest wall, which works corresponds to facing of tower Д, still remains below, under wall З, being not discovered in 1898 excavations.

Fig. 4 - The corner formed by walls З and И.

Let[ter] И refers to the wall constructed in special way, which appeared for the first time, and used probably as a staircase to the tower of the second period (fig. 4). The space in between of longitudinal and transverse slabs (these are set up on rib and covered with slabs laid flatwise) was densely blocked with ground and broken stone; transverse slabs prevented, with their cuts, longitudinal slabs from falling down inside before the emptiness was filled with soil and broken stone, and the longitudinal ones could not fall down outside because they were fastened to each other with transverse, probably wooden, clamps, for which holes were cuts, similar to those described by prof[essor] N. I. Veselovskiy in 1894 Otchet Arkheologicheskoy Komissii, p. 79, fig. 112. Finally, upper slabs laid flatwise completed the firmness of the stonework and formed a base for the next course of this original wall. Original number of such courses has not been discovered yet, because in the year under report the excavations were made down to the wall base of the Byzantine period only. Only one slab, at the very tower, remained from the uppermost layer. The wall was up to 2 m wide. In A. L. Berthier Delagarde's view, another semicircular staircase went from the above one to the very top of the tower; this suggestion is based on dressed stones discovered in the investigated part of the empty space between tower Д and ring Е. If there was a staircase in this place, it completely covered the beauty facing of tower Д, which is why one can date it, similarly to staircase И, to the second period.

Let[ter] К refers to the wall constructed of rubble (in the form of inclined plain), which was used, in the latest period of the city's history, to ascend to big tower Е. This wall is clearly visible on fig. 4. At present, in result of great destruction of wall К, a narrow corridor developed in between of it and adjacent wall Л, by which it is possible to ascend on top of the tower.

Let[ter] Л refers to a part of the main defensive wall constructed, similarly to wall З, of rubble with lime and faced with slabs, which is ruinous. It connected ring Д with semicircular tower on the shore of Karantinnaya bay [3]. This wall was undoubtedly destroyed in [18]60s when building monastery stockyard, lime-baking kiln, and two sheds adjacent to it. One may hope that the lower part of the wall with facing survives under collapsed soil.

Let[ters] г - г refer to walls of residential buildings of Byzantine period constructed with clay mortar and above the ground mound. Masonry of these walls incorporated small stones and slabs from the facing of the defensive wall.

Let[ter] д refers to underground grave of the same period, with 6 human disarticulated skeletons. Nothing is found at the skeletons.

Fig. 5

When making excavations in this area, the following antiquities are found, apart from grave cross of stone, stone doorstep and stone of parapet covering described above:

1. two fragments of marble grave slab with remains of Greek inscriptions [4];
2. corner of limestone grave slab with remains of Latin inscription [5];
3. part of lower left corner of marble slab with 6 letters of Greek inscription [6];
4. fragment of cornice of light gray marble with 9 letters of single-line Greek inscription [7];
5. part of upper right corner of limestone grave slab with remains of heavily damaged Latin inscription [8];
6. amphora handle with letters in oval of balls [9];
7. upper part of small amphora with traces of inscription made with red paint: - on top of the neck and - below;
8. fragment of bron[ze] finger-ring with oriental inscription;
9. lead seal of the Byzantine period with unclear image of Mother of God (?) and four-lined inscription containing evidently the name and abbreviated titles of Georgios strategos (?);
10. four potsherds of clay black-slip ware without painting;
11. cl[ay] ribbed lamp of very popular form;
12. bottom of cl[ay] bowl with survived part of a bird, with light yellow glaze;
13. fragment of cl[ay] plate with brown glaze, with squeezed contours of bird's head and rosette;
14. part of bottom of cl[ay] bowl with multicolored ornament of oriental type [10];
15. bottom of another clay bowl [11];
16. bottoms of three fine bowls, one of which is designed like a checkerboard with squares of light green and brown glaze (outer glaze is bright green), another is decorated with yellow rosette with 5 petals inside latticework, on dark-brown background, and the third one has image of light yellow star of latticework (outer glaze is brown);
17. half of bowl with light-green glaze with brown contour of the front part of a bird and back leg of some animal;
18. two fragments of cl[ay] bowls with white glaze and extremely bunglingly performed fragmented images of birds;
19. 538 shards of cl[ay] pottery with multicolored glaze but without images of animals or ornament;
20. six stems of wine glasses of Byzantine period;
21. damaged basin with hole for draining water made of marble base with rectangular foot (0.58 m x 0.44 m, diam[eter] of the hole 0.33 m, dep[th] 0.13 m);
22. three stone mortars, one cylindrical (0.4 m h[igh] and 0.44 m in diam[eter]) and two shaped like truncated pyramids upside down (diameter of holes 0.31 and 0.24 m, with the depth of 0.22 and 0.27 m);
23. bron[ze] key;
24. iron rosette from mortise lock, oval and with 4 holes for rivets;
25. bron[ze] decoration shaped like a big openwork buckle (fig. 5);
26. two bronz[e] arrowheads;
27. 19 throwing stones;
28. three bron[ze] fishhooks;
29. 16 cl[ay] sinkers for fishing nets (8 of them shaped like truncated pyramids and 8 having cylindrical form);
30. two sinkers shaped like thick lead rings;
31. four cla[ay] spindle whorls;
32. bone awl;
33. four cl[ay] balls;
34. oval convex amethyst which probably fell out of finger-ring;
35. oval glass of finger-ring with human head carved into it;
36. another oval glass, plain one;
37. beads of glass and glass paste with multicolored glass shard eyes;
38. bone cornice from a chest with carved vine-shaped ornament (fig. 6)
    
    

    Fig. 6

    
    
39. three bronz[e] closed-bell-shaped buttons;
40. piece of round column (0.15 m in diameter) of pinkish marble;
41. marble base of medium size, the bottom is square and the top round [12];
42. two fragments of marble cornices;
43. slab of hard limestone (0.24 m wide), taken from the collapsed flanking tower, with three rectangular cuts of different size;
44. two fragments of Doric limestone cornice of good quality;
45. 4 fragments of windowpanes;
46. 4 pieces of smalt;
47. skull of domestic goat;
48. horn of domestic goat and horn of claf;
49. skull of dolphin;
50. 3 boar's tusks;
51. copper coins:
    
    
    1. of Chersonesos, 4 piec[es] of the Romano-Bosporan period [13] and 25 piec[es] of the Byzantine period [14];
    2. of Greek colonies, 2 piec[es] of Olbia [15] and Pantikapaion [16];
    3. of Bosporan kings of the latest period, of poor preservation, 3 piec[es];
    4. of Roman and Byzantine emperors, 46 piec[es] [17];
    5. of khans of Golden Horde, 3 piec[es];
    6. of Crimean khans, 1 piec[es];
    7. extensively corroded by oxide, which apparently are Late Roman and Byzantine, 28 piec[es].

Here, the excavations, which were started in 1895, continued in the year under report towards the main monastery gate. Soil has been removed, down to wall base of the Byzantine period, which totally covered the outer defensive wall and slabbed facing of the main wall, as long as the distance 75 m long in between of the main and auxiliary walls and on the outside of the latter. Deepening down to bedrock was started from both ends of the trench, from the gate and from the breach (s[ee] fig. 7 for the plan).

Fig. 7 - Plan of the excavations at the outer side of the defensive wall

As 1895 report put it, these excavations will be the best adornment for the city-site of Chersonesos. It should be added now that they will win the first place amidst the areas uncovered during 11 past years: it has been discovered that the defensive wall that seemed uncovered down to its socle [18] was built above another, more ancient wall with totally another masonry type, so the investigation of the whole strip from the monastery gate to the breach down to bedrock would finally give a quite definite response to the question, which has constantly been repeated from the time of Pallas: "Where was the ancient Chersonesos located?" If it was located at the same place where Chersonesos of the Roman and Byzantine laid and where the monastery is built now, there will be no doubts that all its trade was concentrated at present-day Karantinnaya bay and waterside, which, by this reason, should have solid defensive walls and towers from the side of the neighboring plain. There should also be the main gate to connect the southern area of the city and its commercial port with the neighborhood, where, according to epigraphic sources and ruins that remain, vast vineyards, paved roads, water pipes, observation posts, and forts were located. The 3rd century B. C. civic oath mentions the above "forts" more than once. Searching walls, towers and gates of the ancient Chersonesos in the area most accessible for observation was the task of present large-scale excavations, which started in August of the year under report. It is desirable to continue them unless the whole defensive wall from the monastery gate to the semicircular tower on the shore of Karantinnaya bay [19] is freed from the soil. Then, the following excavations should be arranged in the same way in the waterside, where wharfs and warehouses should be located. As the mound at the defensive wall between the monastery gate and new hotel is 3.5 to 4 m deep to bedrock, and the bedrock inclines greatly towards the bay, it is possible that maximum depth, at the breach, that is in the starting point for the excavations, will reach the height of 6.5-7 m, yet unprecedented in Chersonesos, and there will be need to move ground from one site to another, and transport it further from there. Such a hard and exhaustive work, although being of great importance to investigate the city planning in different periods, would not certainly be arranged with the former, modest budget. Started in the year under report investigation will only bring expected result and will ascertain that the ancient Chersonesos was located exactly on this place because of generous favor from His Majesty Sovereign Emperor, which was expressed on August 22 of the year under report, during Their Majesties' visit to Chersonesos, in annual increase of 2,000 rubles in the former amount granted for the excavations.

1895 excavations removed the collapsed ground down to the Byzantine level (as it has been ascertained now when making the trench deeper) between walls А (main) and Б (auxiliary) from the breach to projecting rectangular annexes В - В, and uncovered undulate layers of ashes and charcoal. These layers, in the excavations in the year under report, continued in the same direction and finished only when the investigation passed the narrow passage in between of the projections and entered wider area. Absolutely the same layers have been discovered in the cathedral uncovered in 1897 at the old monastery hotel [20] and can be explained only as a result of the conflagration that caught the city during the last devastation. Wooden constructions, perhaps of strategic purpose, which were located in between of annexes В - В, were probably burnt in the same moment.

The wall base of the Byzantine period located in the same level with the socle of wall А is a kind of highway, construction of which did not use crushed stone but powdered stone that was obtained when gouging the bedrock to construct cisterns, wells, catacombs and tombs. This road started from the gate at the stockyard described in the 1st chapter and passed in between of walls А and Б probably not far than the monastery stables, because [continuation of] auxiliary wall Б is not discovered in front of the defensive wall, which was broken by the Engineering Department in between of the powder magazine and flanking tower and described in 1893 Otchet Arkheologicheskoy Komissii (Archaeological Commission Report), p[age] 57. Wall Б had no sense there because in that area the main wall А went on top of the ridge of considerable height.

Two wickets а and б are located obliquely, at the same level as the road, at the northern edge of the excavations, not as far as the monastery gate. Wicket а has marble doorstep (1.7 m long, 0.62 m w[ide], and has outer heig[ht] of 0.31 m) with round cut for door abutment and projection to support the door, and wicket а has the same doorstep but of [ordinary] stone (1.6 m m long and 0.89 m w[ide]) with the same cut and projection. 7 solid stones and 4 halves of vault [21] are uncovered near wicket а. Doors in the wickets opened towards the city. Was not the wicket with marble doorstep and vaulting, door in which certainly was of iron, referred to in the inscription of the time of Isaac Komnenos that was uncovered nearby and dealt with construction of iron gate of praitorion by Leo Aliates, strategos of Cherson and Sougdaia [22]? If it has no relation to the wicket, therefore, there was (at least in the Byzantine period) another, main gate, on top of which the marble slab with 1059 inscription was located, in between of the former wicket and the tower described in 1st chapter of the report.

Excavations at the outer side of auxiliary wall Б, constructed of big undressed stones, have not resulted in some interesting discoveries. There is no chance to make the trench deeper in along that side of the wall as the road to the monastery passes here. Opposite to the western annex B, wall Б is ruined a bit in one place, and thin wall of unknown purpose adjoins it.

When they started to deepen the trench, from both its ends simultaneously, between wickets а and б and between the eastern annex В and the breach, the following discoveries were made quite unexpectedly:

As it has been supposed earlier, there was collapse of soil in between of walls А and Б, lower than the Byzantine wall base, though it appeared to be an artificial mound 4.25 m high with a road on top, which had been mentioned above. Inside this ground mound, there were actually no typical features that allow one to recognize, clearly and without mistake, layers of broken pottery, bones, oyster shells and other refuse that deposited gradually throughout different periods. Big stones fallen from the facing of the main wall А are not uncovered there as well; they appear above the Byzantine wall base in the collapse that forms sloping plains on both sides. Several structures are laid through the described above artificial mound, at different depths: a) draining channel г - г, composed of stone slabs and having branches, which let subsoil water pass through defensive wall Б; b) two aqueducts of pottery pipes д - д (0.12 m in diameter) that gradually come closer to each other and reach basin Д, so they have not been discovered further to S[outh]; and c) draining channel е - е, firmly constructed of opus signinum in the form of open trough with slabs placed on top, joints of which are plastered with lime. When making this channel, with road on top, transverse branches of the lower draining gutter д - д, of stone slabs, were destructed. Wall А, socle of which was uncovered at a small distance, from the breach to annex В, as yet as 1895, appeared to be constructed above the older wall, finished with rustication, with many damages corrected carelessly, with plain slab and not observing the ancient design. Fig. 8 represents a part of wall А with the ancient wall below and eastern annex В with its inner part, lacking in facing, preserved at height of more than 10 m above the socle of Byzantine period. Fig. 9 represents a part of ancient wall that preserved better (below to the right), with rustications, at the beginning of annex В, and socle and foundation of the latter. It is quite visible here that the annex is not joined to the wall and is just put to it. Digging in this place has not reached the bedrock in the year under report. It should be noticed that masonry of the lower wall is all the same as that of minor tower Д, described in the 1st chapter (p. 102), therefore, this wall undoubtedly reached the tower, then made a turn towards the bay, and finished there with semicircular tower, from which started coastal defensive wall that was discovered in 1892 and reached the very warehouse of antiquities.

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

3. Rectangular annexes В - В (13.85 m long and from 2.85 to 4.25 m wid[e]), which project inside and make the space in between of walls А and Б more narrow, to 1.78 m, belong to that upper walls because their stonework is not bound with that of the lower ancient walls but similarly put to them. Beautiful rusticated masonry of the lower wall still continues deeper and has not yet been uncovered down to the end; meanwhile, a foundation of large dressed stones, joints of which are, quite unthrifty, plastered with lime, starts in the eastern annex В, below the socle that corresponds to the socle of wall А. This annex is constructed partly above semicircular tower Г that suffered greatly from making aqueducts and drain pipes. Further deepening of the trench would discover preserved below parts of this ancient tower, which belonged to the lower wall.
4. Pool Д was uncovered at the distance of 3.9 m from the starting point of the eastern building В, at the very wall; its walls and bottom were covered with opus signinum, similar to the one found in cisterns and grain pits in the ancient city. The lowermost defensive wall, also covered with opus signinum, was the eastern wall of the pool. In the nort[hern] side, the pool was 4.25 m wide; then its western wall gradually approached the eastern one; it appeared to be impossible, however, to uncover the entire area of the pool because a road went above it, to the engineers' wharf, sheds and warehouse of antiquities. The length of uncovered pool is 10.65 m. As it was put above, both aqueducts д - д reached the pool and they were not discovered further to S[outh]; but there still is no complete argument for pool Д was used to get water from the above-mentioned aqueducts because the latter are uncovered collapsed and a bit fare from the pool, which northern wall was also damaged. Further investigation on the right side of the road and the breach would certainly discover this question that is important also because of it is not known now, where was subsoil water sent by two longitudinal drain pipes г and е.

The main defensive wall is heavily collapsed to the right from wicket а, so only the socle remains from its facing; then, along the distance of about 15 m from the wicket to the beginning of annex В, the wall facing is preserved excellently, sometimes with 4 courses and the socle; amidst the slabs, there are several 1 s[azhene] (2.13 m) and one (ж) even 2.85 m long. Facing of the eastern annex В preserves extremely well. Although the facing of wall А to the right from this annex survived at height of as much as 5 courses, it is constructed of fine slabs and with less care. Western annex В appeared to contain emptiness due to the rubble core was wrenched out from the between of the facing walls, which is evidenced by its part remaining to the left. In course of getting deeper, auxiliary wall Б reveals corrections and amendments and was not probably so high in more ancient period. It is constructed, partly, of dressed stones with lime; its upper part to the right from wicket б is constructed of gigantic stones with clay and so unstably that few courses of it collapsed during the excavation.

The following artifacts have been uncovered in course of the excavations in this area of the ancient city:

Fig. 10

1. fragment of grave slab of soft limestone, with cross in circle carved on its top and two trees of different types in the bottom, and Greek inscription of the Byzantine period in between; this slab was uncovered from a heap of collapsed stones; it bears traces of working like building material and is considerably weathered [23];
2. top left corner of fine marble slab with cut corners and three survived letters of Greek inscription, probably, single-line [24]
3. limestone slab with semicircular cut for fastening grave monument and rectangular hole in it, for piron; remains of heavily damaged inscription are p preserved in its shorter rib;
4. Rhodes amphora handle with clear name; 5) cl[ay] cylindrical sinker for fishing net with letters EI squeezed in it;
5. cl[ay] cylindrical sinker for fishing net with letters squeezed in it;
6. fragment of cl[ay] plate with yellowish glaze and relief image of python's tail that is preserved on it; letters are scratched on its back side;
7. 3 lead votive signs with image of festooned bucraneum on one side and Mercury's head, dolphin, and two fishes on the other;
8. big marble finger of hand, a bit larger than actual size;
9. terracotta female head broken off a statuette, with veil on the coiffure and pointed horn behind (fig. 10);

   Fig. 11

10. 112 potshards of clay black gloss ware without painting;
11. fragment of cl[ay] patera with appliance for pouring out liquid;
12. cl[ay] lamp with relief image of dog running to right;
13. bottom of cl[ay] bowl with yellow glazing and relief four-pointed cross in circle;
14. bottom of cl[ay] bowl with green glazing and relief image, probably of a person with legs outspread along the back of two horses riding in different directions;
15. fragment of cl[ay] light-green glazed bowl, with contour of bird of brownish color (head and legs are missing) squeezed in it;
16. fragment of similar bowl with image of, obviously, feeding peacock of brown color (head is also missing) squeezed in it;
17. fragment of clay light-yellow glazed bowl with contour of upper part of eagle in double circle gouged in it;
18. fragment of high base of cl[ay] bowl with relief image of griffin stepping right above bright-green background (fig. 11);
19. fragment of cl[ay] plate with brown glazing and survived image of back leg of some animal of light-yellow color;
20. two bottoms of cl[ay] cups, one with light-brown glazing and carelessly made contour of, evidently, scorpion, another with yellowish glazing and contour of monster bird;
21. bottom of cl[ay] cup with image of hawk, head to the right, of brown color;
22. fragment of cl[ay] plate with brown glazing and image of hand of white color (reverse side of blue glaze);
23. three fragments of cl[ay] bowls, one with white glaze and black, carelessly made contour of snake's head and neck, another with light-brown glaze with low-convex image of heron, and the third one with brown contour of back side of some animal;
24. fragment of bottom of clay bowl with contour of hawk's head (glaze peeled off) and fragment of another bottom with light-brown glaze and image of star composed of two crossing triangles with volutes inside;
25. 3,890 potsherds of cl[ay] ware with multicolored glazing but without images of people or animals;
26. 6 stems of glass goblets of the Byzantine period;
27. 10 bottoms and 20 other fragments of gl[ass] vessels;
28. 4 handles of gl[ass] bottles;
29. fragment of flat gl[ass] vessel with relief pattern;
30. stone quernstone of hand mill;
31. bronz[e] key;
32. 2 stone hones;
33. fine bronz[e] spade;
34. grindstone for powdering colors;
35. bron[ze] tongue of a fine bell;
36. big throwing stone and 18 minor throwing stones;
37. bron[ze] fishhook;
38. 25 cl[ay] sinkers for fishing nets (of which 12 are shaped like truncated pyramids, 10 of cylindrical form, 1 globular, and 2 shaped like plates with holes on the tips and groove in between);
39. 5 cl[ay] spindle whorls;
40. bone awl;
41. bone die with points;
42. 5 cl[ay] toy balls;
43. fragment of necklace shaped like gold chain threaded through 4 beads, 2 emerald and 2 coral ones, and one pearl [25];
44. gold piece impressed from Chersonesos coin of Greek period (descr[ibed] in Burachkov's catal[ogue] on pl[ate] XV, no.56) depicting Heracles' head;
45. another gold impression of coin representing head of some Roman emperor;
46. sil[ver] bracelet, expandable, for child's hand;
47. bronz[e] earring in the form of plain ring;
48. bronz[e] ribbed pierced bead for hanging to bracelets;
49. oval carnelian [gem] from ring with carved image of Aphrodite (?) leaning on a column with her right hand and holding sword in left hand, and Eros standing at her feet and giving her a helmet;
50. 3 round carnelian beads;
51. 12 fragments of glass bracelets;
52. 2 gl[ass] oval gems from rings;
53. 2 elongated beads of red glass paste;
54. bone pin decorated with bird on its top (the head is broken off);
55. bone cornice for chest with carved openwork vine-shaped ornament, which differs a bit from the one mentioned above (s[ee] p[age] 105, fig. 6);

    Fig. 12

56. base of clay, pierced lid of a Christian censer;
57. fragment of round marble column;
58. fragment of thick marble cornice;
59. 4 fragments of thin marble slabs;
60. fragment of Ionic capital of yellowish limestone;
61. 20 pottery water pipes (of which 11 are intact and 9 are damaged);
62. 12 pieces of smalt, multicolored and with gilding;
63. fine piece of pale grayish polished marble with pink veins;
64. 2 fragments of wall-plaster, of which one is covered with layer of green paint and the other with gray paint in imitation of marble;
65. splinter of stele of yellowish limestone with a part of right hand holding double, broken at every end, stem, perchance a musical instrument (fig. 12) of high artistic quality;
66. human skull with prognathous jaws, of very good state of preservation, unc[overed] with the skeleton at the outer side of auxiliary wall Д, without site of a burial, 0,71 m deep from the ground level;
67. domestic goat's horn;
68. sawn-off top of domestic goat's horn;
69. 3 tusks of wild boars;
70. copper coins of Chersonesos of Romano-Bosporan and Byzantine period (of Basil I, Constantine IX, Leo VI, Romanus I, Constantine Х, Romanus II and Basil II), of other Greek colonies (Caesarea Caucasica and Sinope), of Roman and Byzantine emperors (including one gold piece of Basil I and Constantine IX discovered near wicket а).